THE
BUDDHA
CHAPTER 4
AFTER THE ENLIGHTENMENT
"Happy in this world is non-attachment".
-- UDĀNA
In
the memorable forenoon, immediately preceding the morn of His
Enlightenment, as the Bodhisatta was seated under the Ajapāla
banyan tree in close proximity to the Bodhi tree,[1]
a generous lady, named Sujātā, unexpectedly offered Him some rich
milkrice, specially prepared by her with great care.
This substantial meal He ate, and after His
Enlightenment the Buddha fasted for seven weeks, and spent a quiet time,
in deep contemplation, under the Bodhi tree and in its neighbourhood.
The Seven Weeks
First Week
Throughout the first week the Buddha sat under
the Bodhi tree in one posture, experiencing the Bliss of Emancipation (Vimutti
Sukha, i.e The Fruit of Arahantship).
After those seven days had elapsed, the Buddha
emerged from the state of concentration, and in the first watch of the
night, thoroughly reflected on "The Dependent Arising" (Paticca
Samuppāda) in direct order thus: "When this (cause) exists, this
(effect) is; with the arising of this (cause), this effect arises.[2]"
Dependent on Ignorance (avijjā) arise
moral and immoral Conditioning Activities (samkhārā).
Dependent on Conditioning Activities arises (Relinking) Consciousness
(viññāna).
Dependent on (Relinking) Consciousness arise Mind and Matter (nāma-rūpa).
Dependent on Mind and Matter arise the Six Spheres of Sense (salāyatana).
Dependent on the Six Spheres of Sense arises Contact (phassa).
Dependent on Contact arises Feeling (vedanā).
Dependent on Feeling arises Craving (tanhā)
Dependent on Craving arises Grasping (upādāna).
Dependent on Grasping arises Becoming (bhava)
Dependent on Becoming arises Birth (jāti)
Dependent on Birth arise Decay (jarā), Death (marana),
Sorrow (soka), Lamentation (parideva), Pain (dukkha),
Grief (domanassa), and Despair (upāyāsa).
Thus does this whole mass of suffering
originate.
Thereupon the Exalted One, knowing the meaning
of this, uttered, at that time, this paean of joy:
"When, indeed, the Truths become manifest unto
the strenuous, meditative Brahmana[3],
then do all his doubts vanish away, since he knows the truth together with
its cause."
In the middle watch of the night the Exalted
One thoroughly reflected on "The Dependent Arising" in reverse order thus:
"When this cause does not exist, this effect is not; with the cessation of
this cause, this effect ceases.
With the cessation of Ignorance, Conditioning
Activities cease.
With the cessation of Conditioning Activities (Relinking) Consciousness
ceases.
With the cessation of (Relinking) Consciousness, Mind and Matter cease.
With the cessation of Mind and Matter, the six Spheres of Sense cease.
With the cessation of the Six Spheres of Sense, Contact ceases.
With the cessation of Contact, Feeling ceases.
With the cessation of Feeling, Craving ceases.
With the cessation of Craving, Grasping ceases.
With the cessation of Grasping, Becoming ceases.
With the cessation of Becoming, Birth ceases.
With the cessation of Birth, Decay, Death, Sorrow, Lamentation, Pain,
Grief, and Despair cease.
Thus does this whole mass of suffering cease.
Thereupon the Exalted One, knowing the meaning
of this, uttered, at that time, this paean of joy:
"When, indeed, the Truths become manifest unto
the strenuous and meditative Brahmana, then all his doubts vanish away
since he has understood the destruction of the causes."
In the third watch of the night, the Exalted
One reflected on "The Dependent Arising" in direct and reverse order thus.
"When this cause exists, this effect is; with the arising of this cause,
this effect arises. When this cause does not exist, this effect is not;
with the cessation of this cause, this effect ceases."
Dependent on Ignorance arise Conditioning
Activities .... and so forth.
Thus does this whole mass of suffering arises.
With the cessation of Ignorance, Conditioning
Activities cease .... and so forth.
Thus does this whole mass of suffering ceases.
Thereupon the Blessed One, knowing the meaning
of this, uttered, at that time, this paean of joy:
"When indeed the Truths become manifest unto
the strenuous and meditative Brahmana, then he stands routing the hosts of
the Evil One even as the sun illumines the sky."
Second Week
The second week was uneventful, but He silently
taught a great moral lesson to the world. As a mark of profound gratitude
to the inanimate Bodhi tree that sheltered him during His struggle for
Enlightenment, He stood at a certain distance gazing at the tree with
motionless eyes for one whole week.[4]
Following His noble example, His followers, in
memory of His Enlightenment, still venerate not only the original Bodbi
tree but also its descendants.[5]
Third week
As the Buddha had not given up His temporary
residence at the Bodhi tree the Devas doubted His attainment to Buddhahood.
The Buddha read their thoughts, and in order to clear their doubts He
created by His psychic powers a jewelled ambulatory (ratana camkamana)
and paced up and down for another week.
Fourth Week
The fourth week He spent in a jewelled chamber
(ratanaghara)[6]
contemplating the intricacies of the Abhidhamma (Higher Teaching).
Books state that His mind and body were so purified when He pondered on
the Book of Relations (Patthāna), the seventh treatise of the
Abhidbamma, that six coloured rays emitted from His body.[7]
Fifth week
During the fifth week too the Buddha enjoyed
the Bliss of Emancipation (Vimuttisukha), seated in one posture
'under the famous Ajapāla banyan tree in the vicinity of the Bodhi
tree. When He arose from that transcendental state a conceited (huhunkajātika)
brahmin approached Him and after the customary salutations and
friendly greetings, questioned Him thus: "In what respect, 0 Venerable
Gotama, does one become a Brahmana and what are the conditions that make a
Brahmana?"
The Buddha uttered this paean of joy in reply:
"That brahmin who has discarded evil, without
conceit (huhumka), free from Defilements, self-controlled, versed
in knowledge and who has led the Holy Life rightly, would call himself a
Brahmana. For him there is no elation anywhere in this world.[8]"
According to the Jātaka commentary it was
during this week that the daughters of Māra -- Tanhā, Arati and
Ragā
[9] -- made a
vain attempt to tempt the Buddha by their charms.
Sixth week
From the Ajapāla banyan tree the Buddha
proceeded to the Mucalinda tree, where he spent the sixth week,
again enjoying the Bliss of Emancipation. At that time there arose an
unexpected great shower. Rain clouds and gloomy weather with cold winds
prevailed for several days.
Thereupon Mucalinda, the serpent-king,[10]
came out of his abode, and coiling round the body of the Buddha seven
times, remained keeping his large hood over the head of the Buddha so that
He may not be affected by the elements.
At the close of seven days Mucalinda,
seeing the clear, cloudless sky, uncoiled himself from around the body of
the Buddha, and, leaving his own form, took the guise of a young man, and
stood in front of the Exalted One with clasped hands.
Thereupon the Buddha uttered this paean of joy:
"Happy is seclusion to him who is contented, to
him who has heard the truth, and to him who sees. Happy is goodwill in
this world, and so is restraint towards all beings. Happy in this world is
non-attachment, the passing beyond of sense desires. The suppression of
the 'I am' conceit is indeed the highest happiness.[11]
Seventh week
The seventh week the Buddha peacefully passed
at the Rājāyatana tree, experiencing the Bliss of Emancipation.
One of the First Utterances of the Buddha
Thro' many
a birth in existence wandered I,
Seeking, but not finding, the builder of this
house.
Sorrowful is repeated birth.
O housebuilder,[12]
thou art seen. Thou shall build no house
[13]
again.
All thy rafters
[14] are broken.
Thy ridgepole
[15] is
shattered.
Mind attains the Unconditioned.
[16]
Achieved is the End of Craving.
At dawn on the very day of His Enlightenment
the Buddha uttered this paean of joy (Udāna) which vividly
describes His transcendental moral victory and His inner spiritual
experience.
The Buddha admits His past wanderings in
existence which entailed suffering, a fact that evidently proves the
belief in rebirth. He was compelled to wander and consequently to suffer,
as He could not discover the architect that built this house, the body. In
His final birth, while engaged in solitary meditation which He had highly
developed in the course of His wanderings, after a relentless search He
discovered by His own intuitive wisdom the elusive architect, residing not
outside but within the recesses of His own heart. It was craving or
attachment, a self-creation, a mental element latent in all. How and when
this craving originated is incomprehensible. What is created by oneself
can be destroyed by oneself. The discovery of the architect is the
eradication of craving by attaining Arhantship, which in these verses is
alluded to as "end of craving."
The rafters of this self-created house are the
passions (kilesa) such as attachment (lobha) aversion (dosa),
illusion (moha), conceit (māna), false views (ditthi),
doubt (vicikicchā), sloth (thīna), restlessness (uddhacca),
moral shamelessness (ahirika), moral fearlessness (anottappa).
The ridgepole that supports the rafters represents ignorance, the root
cause of all passions. The shattering of the ridge-pole of ignorance by
wisdom results in the complete demolition of the house. The ridge-pole and
rafters are the material with which the architect builds this undesired
house. With their destruction the architect is deprived of the material to
rebuild the house which is not wanted.
With the demolition of the house the mind, for
which there is no place in the analogy, attains the unconditioned state,
which is Nibbāna. Whatever that is mundane is left behind, and only the
Supramundane State, Nibbāna, remains.
[1]
The famous Pipal tree at Buddha Gayā in northern India which sheltered Him
during His struggle for Enlightenment.
[2] Sea Chapter 25
[3] Brahmin is a
racial term which means "one who studies the Vedas", generally applied to
the priestly caste. Sometimes the Buddha uses this term in the sense of
"one who has discarded evil" -- a Saint.
In this book "Brahmana" is used to denote a
Saint, and "Brahmin", to denote a member of that particular caste.
[4]
On the spot where the Buddha stood, a Cetiya has been erected by King
Asoka. This was named Animisalocana Cetiya and is still to be seen.
[5]
The right-hand
branch of the original Bodhi tree which was brought to Ceylon by
Sanghamittā Theri and planted by King Devānampiyatissa at Anuradhapura,
the ancient capital of Ceylon, still exists in a flourishing condition,
though more than 2200 years old.
[6] So called
because the Buddha reflected on the jewels of the Abhidhamma.
[7]
Namely, blue
(nīla), yellow (pīta), red (lohita), white (odāta),
orange (mañjettha) and a mixture of these five colours (pabhassara).
[8]
Uddāna, p. i.
[9]
These three
cannot be personified passions as the incident took place after the
Enlightenment.
[10]
This Naga King
cannot be a human being. The Vinaya texts also cite an interesting story
of a serpent who, assuming the form of a human being, lived for some time
as a Bhikkhu in robes.
[11]
Sukho viveko
tutthassa sutadhammassa passato
Abyāpajjham sukham loke pānabhūtesu samyamo
Sukhā virāgatā loke kāmānam samatikkamo
Asmimānassa yo vinayo etam ve paramam sukham.
Uddāna p. 10.
[12]
i.e., Craving
(tanhā).
[13]
Body.
[14] Passions (kilesa)
[15]
Ignorance (avijj
ā ).
[16]
Nibbāna
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